Duplicating machine



April 18, 1939.

E. J; COOK I DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 11, 1937 H INVENTOR EVERETT u. COOK BY z mm /W0M A TTORNEYS I 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 18, 1939. E. J. cooK DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 11, 1937 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR EVERETT J. COOK W M.

7 ATTORNEYS April 1939- E. J. COOK DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 11, 1937 12 Sheets-Sheet 3 F l G. 3

INVENTVOR EVERETT J.COOK

A TTORNEYS April 18, 1939. E. J. COOK 1 2,154,974

' DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 11, 1937 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 99 lOO ISA 1 40 39 I50 88 73 77 3 43 V/ 1 9o INVENTOR EVERETT J.COOK

ATTORNEYS April 18, 1939. E, COOK 2,154,974

- DUPLICATING momma Filed Jan. 11,1957 12 Sheets-Sheet s FIG.7.

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X I Y BY I, svzasTT i i lf A TTORNE x April 18, 1939.

' E. J. COOK DUPLICATING MACHINE 12 Sheets- Sheet 9 Filed Jan. 11, 193'? FIG. !9A.

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INVENIOR EVERETT J.COOK

MM 0w I ATTORNEYS A ril 18, 1939. E. .1. cooK DUPLIC-AT'ING MACHINE Filed Jan. 11, 19.57

12 Sheets-Sheet 10 w w m b wa s o 9 Ma w/ mm H m a m z o I m. Y 2 fl v y n 1/ mm M M x 11v VENTOR April 18, 1939. E. J. cooK 2,154,974

DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 11, 1937 12 Sheets-Sheet 11 H INVENTOR F|G.2|. EVERETT u.c ooK mm W JM A TTORNEYS April 13, 1939. E OK 2,154,974

DUPLICATING MACHINE v Filed Jan. 11, 1937 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 FIG.25.

INVENTOR BY EVERETT J.CO0K

A TTORNE rs Patented Apr. 18, 1939 PATENT OFFICE DUPLICATIN G MACHINE Everett J. Cook, Toledo, Ohio, assignor to H. H. Buggie & Company, Toledo, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application January 1 1, 1 9 37, Serial No. 120,134

' 40 lilaims.

This invention relates generally to metal working machines and refers more particularly to an improved duplicating machine.

One of the principal objects of this invention 5 resides in the provision of a. duplicating machine embodying a combination of features cooperating with each other to produce an exact replica of a pattern from blank stock and to.

accomplish this result automatically with the minimum attention on the part of the operator.

The present invention provides for more accurately forming the work to'the shape and size of a pattern by employing an optical unit in-.

cluding a'photoelectric cell for controlling the feed of the reproducing cutter, and by controlling the operation of the light sensitive cell from an image formed by light refiected from the pattern.

In accordance with this invention, the optical unit, in addition to having a light sensitive cell, also includesa projector which casts a light and 1 a shadow upon the pattern -to form a sharply defined contour line representing a section of the pattern as viewed from the position of thephotoelectric cell at an angle to the axis or center line of the projected light beam.

Another object of this invention consists in the provision of means for eifecting relative transverse movement of the optical unit and pattern to cause the light and shadow to progress across the surface of the pattern to produce a series of pattern and work relative to the light sensitive cell and tool in a direction longitudinally of the pattern. With this arrangement and the one set forth in the preceding paragraph, the entire surface of the pattern is scanned by the photoelectric cell and, since the latter controls the feed of the cutter in accordance withthe images of the contour lines of the pattern, it necessarily Still another object of this invention resides in the provision of means for periodically effectingpredetermined increments .of movement of the follows that the work will be fashioned to the exact form of the pattern. Another object ofthe present invention consists in the provision of means for timing the increments of longitudinal feed of both the pattern and work with respect to the transverse travel thereof, so that the longitudinal feed takes place at the end of each transverse movement.

A further object of the present invention consists in maintaining the cutting tool substantially normal to the surface of the work being out even though this surface is curved, and this is accomplished by efiecting movement of both the work and pattern in an arcuate path throughout the transverse feed mentioned above. This feature renders it possible to employ a tapered tool in cutting curved surfaces and ofiers the possibility of obtaining a straight uniform cut.

Still another object of this invention resides in the provision of a duplicating machine of the. character set forth having provision for reversing the direction of arcuate travel of the work and pattern at the end of each'transverse feed of the latter elements.

Astill further advantageous feature of the present invention consists in the provision of a duplicating machine embodying a fluid pressure system having a master valve operated by the photoelec-- tric cell to control the operation of fluid pressure actuated means connected to both the opti-- cal unit and tool for moving the same towardor a'wayfrom the pattern and work, respectively, depending upon the particular nature of the contour of the pattern.

A further feature of this invention consists in the provision of a' fluid pressure system embodying fluid pressure actuated means for effecting transverse movement of the pattern and work in opposite directions and for moving'the latter elements vertically with a step by step movement at the end of each transverse travel.

Another object of the present invention consists in the novel means provided in the fluid pressure system for insuring the completion of the feeding traverse of the tool before the pattern and work are, moved in the manner set forth above.

The use of fluid pressure means for accomplishing the above results contributes'materlally to the efliciency and widens the application of the machine, since it not only simplifies the construction of the latter by eliminating complicated inertia correction devices required for accurate results whenever rotating mechanical devices are employed, but also increases the accuracy of the work performed by eliminating the'error that would result from the accumulated clearances of mechanical apparatus. In addition, fluid pressure actuated devices lend themselves to Men and more accurate speed variations with less mechanism thanwould be required with a mechanical system.

In addition to the foregoing, this invention contemplates a' machine of the character previously set forth capable of being readily employed for the purpose of, engraving the work in accordance with lettering or design contours on the patin Figure 2;

tern. This particular feature, as well as the foregoing objects and other advantages, will be made more apparent as this'description proceeds..es-. pecially when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: K

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the several instrumentalities of themachine diagrammatically and illustrating the fluid pressure system em-' p y d;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a duplicating machine constructed in accordance with this invention;

Figure 3 is a plan view of the machine shown Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on ,the plane indicated by the line 4-4 of Figure 3; a I

Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated by the line 55 ofFigure 3;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary elevational view partly in section of a portion of the machine shown in Figure 2;

Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view featuring the photoelectric cell unit in section;

Figure 8 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated by the line H of Figure 7 Figure 9 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated by the line 99 of Figure 7, and disclosing the diaphragm employed in the illuminating device;

Figure 10 is an elevational view of a slightly modifled form of diaphragm;

Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional view through the master valve of the hydraulic. system; Figure 12 is a longitudinal sectional view through the metering valve employed to actuate the vertical travel of the pattern'and work; Figure 12A is a sectional-view of the valve assembly for controlling the transverse travel of the work and pattern;

Figure 13 is a longitudinal Figure 14 is a sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated by the line ll-ll of Figure 3;

Figure 15 is a sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated by the line l 5-l5 of Figure 4;

Figure 16 is a fragmentary, sectional view taken I substantially on the plane indicated by the line |6-l6 of Figure 3; p v V Figure 1'7 is a perspective view of the work holding clamp;

Figure 18 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to "Figure 4, with the exception that an engraving head is substituted for the cutting tool spindle; 1

accuracy of the machine.

, sectional view a through the stop valve employed to prevent move-' ment of the pattern and work during the interval the tool is being fed into the work;

view taken substan- Figure 18A is a sectional v tially on the plane indicated by the-line l-IA-IUA of Figure 18; a I

Figure 19 is a front elevation'al view of the engraving tool attachment;

Figure 19A is an elevational view of the pattern employed in connection with the engraving attachment; i

Figure 20 is a longitudinal sectional view 1 valve illustrated diagrammaticallyin Figure 21;

Figure 24 is a section taken on line 2424 of Fi re"; Y

Figure 25 is a plan view of a modified construction of optical unit; and

Figure 26 is a sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated by the line 26-26 of Figure 25. g

While it will be understood as this description proceeds that the 'present invention is capable tus designed to form. bottle molds. It is well established that bottle molds must be accurately formed in order that the containers formedfrom the molds will hold the proper volume of fluid,

' and Ihave selected this particular embodiment .of many. and diversified uses, nevertheless, for

the purpose of illustration Ihave shown apparaof the invention in order to illustrate the extreme I I In' the present instance, the mold is formed of two halves which -may, or may not be complementary depending upon the particular contour-of the bottle to be formed. However, the principle of operation of the apparatus is the same in' forming the two halves of the mold, and for this reasonreference will be made hereinafter to the formation of only one-half of the mold.

Attention is now directed to the diagram featured in Figure l of the drawings, wherein A designates a model preferably covered with an aluminum or some other light colored paint to enhance its reflection qualities. and corresponding exactly to the shape of the bottle it is desired to manufacture. Positioned to one side of the pattern A in lateral spaced relation thereto is a workblank B from which one side of the bottle mold is to be formed. Both the pattern and the workare suitably supported upona carriage C mounted for movement in directions transverse to each other. As will-be more fully hereinafter set forth, the carriage C reciprocates in a horizontal direction and is adapted to be fed downwardly by step by step movement. Supported opposite the work B at the inner side of the latter is a tool D having a tapered cutting end for engagement with the inner surface of the work blank B. An optical unit E, comprising a photoelectric cell F and a projector G, is positioned at the outer side of .the pattern A opposite the latter. The optical unit is moved relative to the pattern A by fluid pressure actuated means controlled by the optical unitE and having the additional'function of correspondingly moving the tool D relative to the work blank B. As will be more fully hereinafter set forth, the arrangement form a sharply defined contour line H which is such that when the optical unit E is moved toward the pattern A, the tool D is withdrawn from the work B and when the optical unit is moved away from the pattern, the tool is fed into the. work.

As stated above, the optical unitE comprises a photoelectric cell F and a source of illumination ;in the form of aprojector G. Referring briefly 'to Figure 7, it will be notedthat the projector G casts light and shadow upon the pattern to represents a section of the pattern and is focused by the lenses H2 on the apertured plate iii of the photoelectric cell device. The photoelectric cell device F is supported at an angle to the projector, and the line of sight I through the aperture -I It in the plate H5 intersects the adjacent edge of the beam of light from the projector at a point spaced a predetermined distance inwardly from the optical unit E. This point of intersection of the line of sight I from the cell F with the beam of light from the reflector corresponds to the contour line H when the relative position of the pattern A and optical unit E is such that the point of intersection is effected on the surface of the pattern. The parts are shown in this relative position in Figure '7 and, as will be presently described, when in thisposition the image is focused on the plate 5 by the lenses H2 with the contour line H intersecting the aperture I ll through the plate H5. Relative movement of the optical unit and the surface of the pattern scanned from the above noted position causes either the. light from the image to pass through the aperture into the cell or effects movement of the image in a direction away from the aperture to diminish the light passing through the aperture depending, of course, upon the direction of relative movement of the pattern and optical unit. The effect of this displacement of the image relative to the apertures I I4 will-more fully be understood from the following description.

As pointed out above, the carriage C is reciprocated transversely and since this carriage carries the pattern A and work B, it necessarily follows that the latter will also be reciprocated transversely relative to the optical unit E and the tool D.- This causes the light and shadow to progress across the surface of the p'attern A to produce a series of contour lines representing successive sections of the pattern and effects a corresponding movement of the cutting end of thetool across the work B. The light sensitive cell scans the images of the contour lines as the latter progress across ,the pattern, with the result that the photoelectric cell controls the operation of the tool D in accordance with these contour lines. It will, of course, be understood from the above that at the end of each transverse movement of the carriage C, the latter is moved vertically a predetermined increment so that the entire surface of the pattern to be reproduced is scanned by the photoelectric cell, and so that the tool D will cut this complete surface in the I work B.

shadow, no electric current is built up in the the line M circuit including the light sensitive cell F, with the result that the tool D is fed into the work B ina manner to be more fully hereinafter described.

On the other hand, when the. aperture ill of the photoelectric cell F intercepts any part of the illuminated portion of the image, or the light beam, the photoelectric cell is rendered conductive and sends a signal to the amplifier J. The amplifier J energizes an electromagnet K which, in turn, eflects movement of the tool D unit E to move toward the pattern A. As the optical unit E moves toward the pattern, the

intensity of the reflected light is decreased causing a'co'rresponding decrease in the power of the electromagnet K, and when the aperture H4 intersects the contour line H focused from the pattern A on ,the plate H5, movement of the tool away form the work is discontinued. Thus, it will be seen that the aperture H4 of the photoelectric cell F is held in a position on the adjacent edge of the image cast on the pattern by the light beam or, in other words, is held on the contour line H formed by the projected image.

As indicated above, when the light sensitive cell F intercepts the illuminated portion of the image projected by the projector G, the electromagnet K is energized through the amplifier J to move both the optical unit E and tool D. It will be noted from Figure 1 that as the electromagnet K is energized, a master valve L is moved to a position to open communication between a fluid pressure supply line M and the conduit N. The conduit N communicates with the cylinder 0 to effect movement of the piston P in the cylinder in the direction of thearrow Q. The piston P is operatively connected to an opposed piston operating in a cylinder 0' having the pressure end communicating with the master valve by means of a conduit R. When the master valve is in position to supply fluid under pressure into the cylinder 0 at the pressure side of the piston P, the conduit R is connected to the return line S by the valve so as to permit exhausting fluid under pressure from the cylinder 0. Both the pistons arediagram-- matically shown in Figure 1 as connected to the optical unit E and tool D so as to not only effect movement of the tool D in a direction away from the work B, but to also cause the optical unit E to move in a direction toward the pattern A.'

When the aperture ill of the photoelectric cell intercepts the dark portion of the image, or the shadow, the electromagnet K is de-energized causing the spring T to move the valve L to a position wherein communication is established between the supply line M and the conduit R to the pressure side of the cylinder 0'. It will, of course, be understood that the latter movement of the valve also connects the conduit N with the return line S for exhausting the pressure side of the cylinder 0. This' causes the pistons to move in the direction of the arrow U to feed the tool D into the work B, and to move the optical unit E at a corresponding rate in a direction away from the pattern A.

' At the same time the fluid under pressure is supplied to the supplyline Mirom the pump unit V, fluid under pressure is also supplied to The fluid supply line M communicates with a pilot valve W and with a four-way valve X through the medium of a conduit Y.

The piston of the four-way valve X is actuated from the fluid pressure supply line M through.

As shown in Figure '1, the four-way valve has two outlet conduits Z and Z communicating respectively with the high pressure ends of a v pair of. opposedcylinders C and C'. The arrangement is such that when the pivot valve W is rotated to the position thereof shown in Figure l, thepassage A through the valve establishes communication between the fluid supply line M and the valve xvat the rear side of the valve piston. At the same time, the exhaust passage A in the, pilot valve W establishes communication between the valve X at the front side of the piston and the return line 8 in order to exhaust fluid pressure from the valve X in advance of the piston. As a result, the piston of the valve X moves in a forward direction to connect the fluid pressure line Y with the conduit Z communicating with the high pressure side of the cylinder C to eflect movement of the piston P in the direction of the arrow Q. The piston P is operatively connected to the piston P in the op- 'posed cylinder C and, in the above mentioned passage A". communicates with the valve cylinder at the rear side of this piston. Thus, the valve piston is caused to move in a rearward direction and communication is established from the supply line'Y to the conduit Z to build up a pressure in the cylinder C against the piston P At 'the same time, the high pressure side of the opposed cylinder C 'is connected through the valve X to the exhaust conduit 13 permitting the two pistons to be movedin the direction of the arrow Q Upon reference to Figure 1, it will be noted that the two opposed pistons are connected to an endless tape D reeved around pulleys carrying the face plates upon which the pattern A and Work B are supported. The construction is such that movement of the pistons in the two directions mentioned above eilects an oscillation of both the pattern A and the work B relative to the optical unit E and tool D. This oscillatory movement is advantageous in cuttingarcuate surfaces, since it renders it possible to maintain the tool substantially normal to the work throughout the entire cutting operation.

From the foregoing, it will be noted that the oscillation of both the pattern A and tool B is efl'ected by fluidfpressure and is controlled by the valve W. Although the valve W is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1' as positioned a sub-'- more fully hereinafter set forth when the pattern face plate approaches its extreme positions, it operates the valve W to effect the flow of fluid the pilot valve W, and the latter is automatically actuated in a manner to be presently described.-

pressure through the valve X required to oscillate the-face plates in the opposite direction.

Attention is also called to the fact at this time that rotation of the pattern face plate also effects arm E pivotally connected intermediate its ends on the carriage C and having the freeend abutting a fixed support E The contour of the cam E varies in accordance with the particular contour of the pattern A but, in any event, eifects a transverse movement of the carriage C through the lever E in one direction at the same time the face plates are oscillated. Although the cam controlsthe return feed of the carriage C through the arm E, nevertheless, actual movement of the carriagein this direction is effected by meansof a spring E connecting the carriage with a fixed part of the machine.

It has been stated that one of the features of the present invention consists in holding the face plates and carriage C stationary during the lilterval the tool is being fed into the work. Briefly, this is accomplished by preventing the flow of exhaust from the conduit B to the return line S until movement of the tool D into the work is completed. In detail,.a stop valve F is provided having a cylinder and a piston F' recip-- rocably mounted in :the cylinder. One end of the cylinder is connectedto the conduit R by means of a conduitF and the other end of the cylinder is connected to the conduit, N through the medium of a conduit F. It will also be observed that one side of the cylinder communicates with the return line S through the medium of a conduit F and the opposite side of the cylinder is l connected ,by means of aconduit 1" to the conduit B through the medium of a speed control valve F. The construction is such that whenv the tool D is being fed into the work B by fluid pressure admitted into the cylinderO from the conduit R, fluid pressure I is also discharged through the line F into the four-way valve cyl-' position in the four-wayvalve cylinder and closes the conduit F communicating with the exhaust line B In view of the fact that both of the cylinders C and C exhaust through the lineB and, since one or the other of these cylinders must exhaust in orderto effect movement of the pattern and work, it necessarily follows that the or, in other words, as soon-pas the line of sight of the photoelectric cell F intercepts the projected image on the edge of the latter correspond-' .m

ing to the contour line, the electromagnetK is energized sufficiently to move the master valve L to a position wherein fluid under pressure is ad-v v initted to the conduit N and is exhausted from a the conduit R. This introduces fluid pressure "through the conduit F into the four-way valve cylinder at the rear side of the piston F and permits exhausting fluid pressure from the opposite side of the four-way valve cylinder through the conduit F Owingto the construction of the four-way valve shown, a slight movement of the valve piston? in a forward direction connects the exhaust line F with the exhaust conduit F andpermits' continued operation of unit E and tool D. In thepresent instance, the

pattern A, and work B are moved downwardly-by step by step movement and the latter is eflected by the fluid pressure actuated piston P con- 1 nectedto a slide G which, in turn, supports the carriage-C. It will be observed from Figure l that the opposite ends of the piston P are slid- I ably supported in a pair of opposed upper and lower cylinders C and C The top cylin der C is connected by a conduit H to one end of a manually operated four-way valve H", and the lower cylinder C is connected to the opposite end of, the four-way valve H by the conduit H The four-way valve H receives fluid pressure from a third supply line M connected to the pump unit V and to the four-way valve intermediate the ,ends of the latter. When the machine is in operation, the piston of the four-way valve H is located in the position thereof shown in Figure 1, wherein the high pressure end of the cylinder C? is connected to the fluid pressure supply line- M and wherein the cylinder C is connectedeto the exhaust line 8.

The exhaust line S is normally closed by a valve I causing the exhaust from the cylinder C to pass through the conduit J to the four-way valve J. The four-way valve J is automatically actuated by the control valve W in such a man-' ner that the increments of movement of the slide Figure 1, it will be noted that the rear end of the cylinder of the four-way valve J communicates with the supply line for the corresponding end of the four-way valve K through the medium of a conduit J so that when the piston of the lattervalve moves forwardly. to oscillate the plates in the direction of the arrow Q the piston of ,the valve J? will movein a corresponding direcl tion to the position thereof shown in I Figure 1.

The forwardend of the cylinder of the valve J is connected by means of a conduitJ to the supply line for theforward end of :the four-way valve x in such a manner that when fluid under pressure is supplied by the control valve W to the forward end of the valve X, fluid pressure will also be supplied to the corresponding end of the valve J. In other words, when the piston of the valve X is moved rearwardlyeto effect oscillation of the carriage in the direction of the arrow Q, the piston of the valve-J'is moved ina corresponding direction. I

when the piston of the valve 3 is moved forwardly by the control valve W, exhaust'from the cylinder C is admitted through the valve J to a conduit-J communicatingwith the chamber K of a metering valve 0n the other hand, when the piston 01 the valve J. is moved rearwardly, exhaust from the' cylinder C is admitted through the valve 1.1? to the conduit J.

communicating with a chamber K in the Referring now more in lateral spaced relationship.

as a unit-with the shaft projecting side walls "the work 3 at the outer side of the latter. The

metering valve 3*. The chamber K has a piston' K slidably mounted therein, and the chamber a ,K has a similar piston K therein. As willbemore fully hereinafter set forth, these pistons are adjusted to provide for discharging aprede- "termined volume of fluid in each chamber and the" increments of downward movement of the "slide G are controlled by the respective volumes o f the chambers K and K Itwill' be observed from the above that exhaust from' l the cylinder C is alternately discharged into the'chambers K and K in accordance with pressure from the cylinder 6*. on the other hand, when=*-the piston of the valve 3' is in its rearwardmost position to supply fluid from the cylinderCftb the chamber K the chamber K is connected through the valve J to the exhaust line S in advance of the valve I in order to per-' mit exhausting the chamber K Thus it will be noted that "at each end of transverse travel of the darmge c, the piston P is lowered an amount depending upon the volume of one of the measur ing valvechambers, and since the piston P is cOnnected tothe carriage 0 through the medium of the verticalslide (3*, it necessarily follows that the pattern A and work B will be moved accordinglyr In the event it is desired to eflect a sudden movement ofthe pattern A and work B downward1y','-'the va1ve P is opened permitting the cylinder C te-exhaust independent of the measurlng-valveK. I i

in detail to the particular construction of the machine selected herein for 1 thepurposeoi illustration, attention is called to Figures 2 we inclusive, wherein it will be noted G takeplace at the end of the travel of the carriage C ineach direction. Upon reference to that-the carriage C is in the former a housing 25 supporting -a-pair of vertical shafts 26 and 21 The lower ends of the shafts are journalled in bearings 28 car- "ried by a horizontal partition 29 in the housing,

and the'upper ends of the shafts are journalled in bearings '30 secured to'the top wall 3| of the housing by'means of the retainers 32; The shaft 26 extends above the top wall ll of the housing and isprovided with an ing a face plate 34 secured thereto for rotation 20. The faceplate 34 carries a clamp 35 for securing the work B to the face plate and the construction of this clamp is shown in Figures 2 and "17. It will be observed from the latter figures that the clamp is provided with-a base 36 secured in any suitable manner to the top oi the face plate 34 and having upwardly 31 adapted to extend around portions of theside walls adjacent the base 30 are. connected by means of a'bar 30 adapted to assume a'position at the inner. side of the work pieceB, and the upper ends of the side walls are connected bym'eans of a bar. 39 slidably supported on extensions 40 projecting upwardly from the slde-walls.- The bar 39 is shown in Figure 4 as having a downwardly extending flange ll. for engagement with'the inner side of the work piece in the operative position of the ban. The. bar I! is held in-its operative position by means of a pair of clamping screws 42 mounted enlarged portion I! havin opposite ends of the bar and'engageable with the extensions 4| to hold the bar in place. The. work piece is clamped against the lower bar 10' and the depending flange 4| by means of similar 5 clamping screws 48 threaded in the sidewalls I! for engaging the outer surface of the work piece B. Thus; it will be seen that the work piece is effectively clamped to the face plate 34 for rota- !tion as a unit with the shaft 28. v In the present instance, the shaft 21 also extends beyond the upper wall it of the housing II and is provided with an enlarged portion 44 forming a face plate for the pattern A. In the present instance, the pattern A is in the form of a bottle-coated with aluminum paint to enhance its reflection qualities'and provided with v a centrally arranged depending projection 45 at the bottom thereof 'for engagement in a recess provided in' an upwardly projecting extension I 46 of the-face plate 44. The arrangement is such as to provide rotation of the pattern A as a unit with the shaft 21.

It has been stated above that the face plates carrying the work and pattern are oscillated by means of the action of the opposed pistons P! and P'. on the continuous tape D. In the presi ent instance, the continuous tape D is reeved around pulleys 41 and 48 respectively secured to the shafts 28 and 21 within the housing II.

The fluid pressure actuated means for operating the tape to oscillate the shafts is mounted onthe carriage. As shown in Figure 3, the opposed cylinders C and C are secured to the opposite side walls of the housing in axial alignment with each other 'atthe outer side of the ,tape D directly opposite the latter. The pistons P and I respectively reciprocablyniounted in the cylinders C and C are secured together by means of aconnecting rod it having a portion 40 intermediate the ends secured to the outer side of the tape D at a point substantially midway between the shafts 26 and II. The valve W for controlling the direction of movement of the tape through the four-way valve X is mounted upon the top ll of the carriage C in a position adjacent the face plate 44 on the shaft 21. The rotor ll of the control valve W has secured thereto a pair of arms 62 and 53. The arms are spaced from each other circumferentially-of the rotor and are adapted to be respectively engaged by the adjustable pins "and secured to the face plate 44 at opposite sides of the latter. The arrangement'is such that as the face plate 44 approaches the end of its travel in the'direction 55 of the arrow ll. the pin 55 engages the arm I2 to move the rotor ll of the control valve to a podtion wherein fluid pressure isaadmitted to the cylinder 0' and is exhausted from the cylinder C As deflned above, when the foregoing con- 00 dition exists, the tape D} is moved in the opposite direction to efl'ect a rotation of the'face plate 44 in a corresponding direction-until the pin I4 engages the arm." on the rotor II to locate the latter in a position wherein the action of the fluid pressure in the cylinders is again reversed.

- Inasmuch as the face plate 34 is connected to the tape, it :1 follows that the pattern AandworkBwillbeoscillatedasaunitincorg responding directions. Reference has also been made above to the faetthatthecarriagecreciprocatesinahorizontal plane during the interval of oscillation of' the face plates. Upon reference to figures-3 and4ofthe.drawings.itwillbenotedthatthe .vary in accordance with variations in theshape carriage C is'slidably smorted'on'a vertical 60. The lower endof the carriage C is positioned relative to the slide G by means of rollers 63 carried by brackets 04 secured to' the inner wall .of the carriage. I

In the present embodiment of the invention, the carriage C is reciprocated horizontally during 15 the oscillatory motion of the face plates by means of the cam 13 secured to the face plate 44 for rotation as a unit therewith. As briefly described above, the cam operates through the arm E and flxed stoplil to effect the desired transverse feed of the carriage. In detail, the arm E is pivotally,

connected intermediate the ends thereof on the I carriage by means of a pin 65, and the inner end of the arm is provided with an adjustable screw 65 for engagement with the stop E The other end of the arm is provided with a follower 61 engageable with the cam surface for actuation thereby. Thefollower 61 is maintained in engagement with the cam E by means of the spring E having one end secured to the carriage and having the opposite end secured to the slide -G It follows from the ,above that the transverse feed of the carriage is controlled by ,the contour of the cam E and this contour will of the particular pattern it is, desired to duplicate.

Reference has also beenmade above tothe fact that the carriage is advanced in a downward glirection by step by step movement at the end of the transverse feed of the carriage in each direction. As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 16, the vertical slide G is connected by means of a pin Ill to the piston P having the opposite ends reciprocably-mounted in the cylinders C and C. The upper cylinder C is secured in any suitable manner to the upper end of the frame of the machine and communicates with the hydraulic system shown in Figure 1 through the medium ofthe' supply line H The lower cylinder C is secured to the base of the machine frame in axial alignment with 'the cylinder C and is filled with the hydraulic medium in order 'to normally support the carriage C in its uppermost position through the slide G and piston P The lower end the cylinder C communicates with the metering valve K and the exhaust of the hydraulic medium in the cylinder C or the increments of downward movement of the carriage C, is actually controlled by the metering valve K. This metering valve is shown in Figure 12 as having a casing I I fashioned to provide the two chambers K and K alternately communicating with the cylinder C in dependence upon the actuation of the con-1 trol valve W. As hereinbefore stated, when the control valve is in one of its extremepositions, the chamber K is connected to the cylinder 6*, and when the control valve W is in the other ofits' extreme positions, the chamber K is connected to the cylinder 0 The chambers are of a predetermined capacity, and this capacity may be varied by adjusting the strokeof the pistons K and K in the chambers K and K respectively.' Both pistons are eflectively sealed, as at a rearward direction to close the chambers by valve casing II, and adjustment of the abutment axially of the stud limits and. travel of the pistons in the chambers K and K. It will, of course, be understood that the above also varies the effective volume or capacity of the portions of the chamber available, for the exhaust fluid from the cylinder 0* and this, in turn, results in varying the incrementsof downwardadvancement of the carriage C. Attention is also called to the fact that the abutment I5 positions both pistons so that the effective capacity .of. both chambers will always be the same, and this results in uniform increments of advancement of the carriage.

inner side of the latter to permit m'ovement of the plunger I1 toward and away from the work 13 supported on the face plate 84. Positioned axially within the tubular plunger 11 is a'spindle I8 having a portion adjacent the inner end thereof iournalled in a bearing 88 secured'within' the plunger 11 intermediate'the ends of the latter and having the outerlend journalled in a" double bearing 8I secured in the corresponding end of the plunger II by means of the retainer 82.: I Upon reference to'Figure 4, it will be noted that the outer end of the'spindle isformed with an axially extending recess 83 having'a'threaded portion'for securing the retainer 84' for. the tool D tothe spindle. tool D is'held in assembled relation. within the retainer by means of a fastener eler ment 8! having a head portion engaging the inner end of the retainer within the recess 83 and I having a shank portion threadedly secured within I an axial recess formed in the inner end of the tool D. It will also be'observedifromspl lgure 4 that the inner end of thespindle I8 beyond the bearing 88 is splined, as at '88; and telescopically engages within a.:cor'respondingly 'splined" portion of a tubular drive shaft 81. Thedriveshaft 81 is journalled in a double-bearing 88 secured within the plunger 11 adjacent the inner 'end of the latterby means of the;retainer88. The exj treme inner end of the drive shaft 81 extends though the inner end wall 88-of the tubular guide by the bracket 8| having an'arm '88 secured to t The portion of the bracket housing the bearing .fortheinner end'of the I drive shaft is spaced axially inwardly from the. wall 88 .of the tubular guide 18. and fa series of of varying diameters areisecured to" between the bracket 8|:and wall pulleys 88 the drive shaft 88 of-the tubularguide. As shown in Figure 3, the tool carrying spindle "is rotated by means of an electric'motorflrsecured to the top of the machineframe {and'havin'g a plurality of driving pulleys '88corresponding" in number to the numberjof pulleys in the series 88, and op: positely arranged with respect'to the latter pulleys iri'accordance withi theto The cutting tool assembly is supported upon the top of the machine frame and' comprises atool carrying plunger 11 reciprocably mounted, in a tubular guide I8 fixed in'any suitable manner to the machine frame; The guide I8 is 10- a cated directly opposite the faceplate 34 at the a noted that the axis I I8 and is journalled. in a bearing carried practice usually I adopted when variations inspeed are desired. The series of pulleys 83 are adapted to be successively connected to the pulleys 85 by means of the belt 86. In the present instance, the base 1- -.of:-the el t cempi fll hqwni F u 6 the machine nirota y on cted set! 1.,

ct so locatedwith respect M fiy o the motor that the ndsto maintain the belt 88 Th belt 88 is prevented from tab el-thumb screw, 88 threadedly sup- I ascend engageable with p i he -w z.if'hei aw ,cs nst uct qm t tool mg pin'di be reciprocatedduring the rotation thereoL-andin. the present instance the resumm vic im inc 1 fie fie by the action of the optical un Upon reference to Figure 5., ;it,, will be-noted; that the optical unit E is carried by a; plunger88 mounted for reciprocation on an axis extending parallel to the axis of reciprocation II and supported by-means of a guide I88 secured to th e machine frame at the inner side of the pattern {A directly opposite the latter. Inasmuch-as the present invention is primarilyconcerned with forming a mold'for objects having the contour of the pattern A, it is necessaryto supporf'the photoelectric cell op- ;Iposite the pattern hjat 'the outer side of the lat- .ter, and this is accomplished by providing a yoke I8I se'cured to-the outer endlof the plunger and r encircling the pattern 'A' in the manner clearly shown inligure'lii 'A photoelectric cell; device F and the projector G 'are fixedly supported with respect to each .other on a quadrant lfl pivotally supported on the 'outer end of the-.yoke IM and adjustable through the medium" oi the screw I88 to vary the angular relationship ih a verticai'plane between the surface 'of thep'a'ttern to be duplicated and the beam of projected light and line of sight of the photoelectric cell device. This adjustment in is particularly advantageous in the present instance in that it renders it possible to locate the optical unit E in a position relative to the pattern A to insure casting a more direct beam of light on the inwardly curved shoulder of the pattern A I Upon reference toFigure '7, it will be noted that the projector Gjcomprises. an electric lamp I88,' a reflector I85,;condenser lenses I88, objectivel'ense's III'I, andfan opaque mask I88 located between the condenser lenses and the objective lenses. 'The mask I88 is'formed with a slot I88 elongatedat right angles to'the axis I I8 of the projected light beam and having-a straight edge III intersecting the axis 8, It will also be I8 is preferablyarranged in withihe axis of oscillation of a common plane out the pivot 81 by means the pattern 'A, and, this is desirable in that it maintains the light beam "in the most advantagous position with respect to the surface of the pattern to be i plicated during oscillation of the pattern.

With the abovel'c onstructioni will be noted that the projectorv castsjlight and a shadow on the pattern and alsogjthat the straight vericai edge III of the slot,;I'88 in the mask I88 provides a sharp line of demaroationbetween the shadow and light. As pointed out abov this edge of'the projectedimage' forms the contour line representing the-particular section of the surface of; the pattern viewed from the-position of the, photoelectric cell device-F tion-oi light from the pattern is sighted by the light sensitive cell I I I through anaperture Ill formed in a. diaphragm IIS extending perpendicular to the line of sight I, and is adjustably secured to' the photoelectric cell F to provide for varying the location of theaperture relative.to

the line of sight I.v It will be noted that the width of the aperture I is extremely small and that a point on the edge iii of the aperture'is located directly on the line of sight I. Aspointed out above, the construction is such that the aperture II4 intercepts the contour l in of the image representing a. particular sec pattern and when the aperture 1 rcepts the dark portion or shadow of the ima e, the tool D is fed into the work in the manner clearly pointed out above] Onthe other hand,\ when the aperture intercepts any part of the illuminated portion of the image, the light sensitive cell "3 sends a signal to the amplifier J which energizes the .electromagnet K to effect. withdrawal of the tool in accordance with the foregoing description. It will, of course, be understood that the optical unit E is. movable as a unit with the tool in .the,opposite direction so that the tool will be fed in one-direction and then the other until the line of sight I assumes a positionon theedge of the-projected image corresponding to the contour line of the surface of the pattern to be duplicated.

' It will be noted from Figure 9 that the aperture is semi-circular in shape and, in the present instance, the outer contour corresponds to the radius of the cutting endof the tool D. This arrangement insures location of the cutting portion of the tool with the work at a point exactly "corresponding to.the point of intersection of the line of sight I, with the edge of the projected light beam on the surface of the pattern. However, in

some cases, the arcuate nature of the aperture IIG may not permit suillcient' passage of light to eflect the required operation. of the electromagnet required to move the tool and, in cases of this character, thediaphragm II' I may be substituted for the one shown in Figure 10. This diaphragm is provided witha vertical substan- 'tIally narrow slot III therethrough, and this slot is so located that the edge II9 .thereof assumes a position on the line 'of sight I. Withpatternsof certain contour, the diaphragm II! is desirable in that it permits the passage of more light from the image to the light. sensitive cell II2. For example. if the surface of the pattern embodies a relatively sharp curve, it ispossible that an arcuate aperture of the type shown in Figure 9 would not properly register with the contour line and,

as a result, the amountof light passed'by the aperture may be insumcient to properly operate-- the tools Of course in this-case, the diaphragm- III would be used. I y a It has been stated .above that when the cutter is moved in a direction toward the work'B, the

- optical unit!!! is moved in a direction awayirom the pattern and, when the cutter is withdrawn from the work, the optical? imit is moved toward the pattern. As pointed out in connection with the diagram featured in Figure 1, both of the aforesaid movements are eflected at a corresponding rate by the fluid preksure actuated pistons P and P. Upon referen to Figure 14, it will be noted that the axially aligned opposed cylinders O and O are secured to the machine frame with their common axes extending. vertically. The

. pistonsP and P' respectively reciprocably mounted in the cylinders O and O' are connected to-.

gether for movement as a unit by a rod I20 having a portion intermediate the pistons connected to'a'rockshaft I2I journalled in the frame with its axis extending at right angles tothe axes of the reciprocable plungers'l'l and". .The con:- nection between the rod I29 and rockshaft I2I comprises an arm I22 having one .end secured to therockshaft and having the oppositeend pivotally connected to the rod I by means of the pin I2I. As shown in'Figure' 4, the piston rod I20 is connected to the tool plunger "carrying the spindle I9v by means'ofan arm I25 having one end secured to the rockshaft I2I, and having the other end pivotally connected to the plunger II at a point spaced outwardly from the bearing 89;.

With this construction, it will be noted that as the piston P is moved downwardly by the action. of fluid unden. pressure, the tool carrying spindle I9 is moved away from the work B by the plunger 11. On the other hand, when the piston P' is moved upwardly, the plunger 11 and tool carrying spindlewill move as a unit toward the, work B. The splined connection between the inner end of the tool carrying spindle l9 and the outer end of the drive shaft 91 permits the above mentioned -reciprocable movement of the tool carrying spindle relative to the drive shaft without disturbing rotation of the spindle by the drive shaft.

The bptical'unit E is moved as. a unit with the tool carrying spindle from the rockshaft. I 2I by means of an arm I26 having one end secured to the rockshaft' I2I and having-the other. end pivotally connected to the plunger 99. This con- .struction, of course, provides for movement oi the plunger 99 in the same direction and at the same rate as the tool carrying spindle 19. However, since the optical unit E is supported at the outer side of the pattern and the tool D is supported at the inner side of the work, it necessarily follows that when the tool is moved into the work, the optical unit E is moved away from the pattern ahd, when the tool is withdrawn from the work, the optical unit E is moved towards the pattern. The flow of fluid under pressure to the cylinders O and O is controlled by the valve L shown in Figure 11 as comprising a casing I21 and an axially reciprocable plunger I29 supported in the casing. The valve Lis secured to the top of the machine frame, and the outer end of the plunger '15 connected to the armature I29 of the electromagnet K normally urged in a direction away from the field I30 by means of the coil spring Ill.

The coil spring III normally maintains the inner end of the valve piston in engagement with an adjustable st'op .I32, wherein communication is established between the fluid supply line M and the ,conduitR communicating with the cylinder-.

0'. In the same position noted above, communication is established between the exhaust line S and the cylinder 0 through the conduit N, the resultbeing-that the pistons are moved upwardly causing the tool D to move toward the work B,

' and the opticalunit E to move away from the 1 pattern A. Communication through. the valve L to efiectthe above results is accomplished in the following manner. It will. be noted from Figure 1-1 that the valve piston isprovided with a re- 

